Solar Power's History
The appeal of solar power is so direct that its history is measured by concrete results and in some cases the products of a run-away imagination. Silicon has the benefit of over thirty years of large scale, reliable use.
1883 Charles Fritts builds the world's first solar-electric module: Selenium coated with gold. It converts less than one percent of sunlight to electricity.
1953 Gerald Pearson shines lamplight on a Silicon transistor developed by colleagues at Bell Labs and discovers lithium doped silicon as a powerful photovoltaic material, superior to selenium in performance.
1953 Bell Labs' Pearson, Fuller, Chapin announce the first solar cell. The New York Times comments that this is “the beginning of an era, leading eventually to the realization of one of mankind's most cherished dreams—the harnessing of the almost limitless energy of the sun for the uses of civilization”.
1956 The first earth-orbiting satellite is powered by solar cells. Solar's cost/performance is at $500/watt but solar wins as the best electricity source for this application.
1970 Solar's cost/performance is down to $100/watt for solar cells produced with high-grade silicon feedstock (such as used by the microelectronics industry). All satellites are now powered by solar cells.
1973 Solar's cost/performance is down to $50/watt by virtue of using cheaper reject silicon wafers and maintaining the silicon wafer's original.
1978 Solar modules are deployed on large scale terrestrially in Australia to support telecommunication networks.
1985 Solar electricity powers 30,000 emergency call boxes along California's highways. Providing electricity for new streetlights and bus shelter illumination is now generally more economical than connecting to the grid.
1995 The cost/performance of installed solar systems reaches $15/watt and governments around the world begin seeking ways to support demand growth to achieve the cost declines to make solar power competitive with electricity from the utility network.
2004 Solar system cost/performance drops to less than $10/watt. The solar market surpasses 1 million kilowatts in shipments and $6.5 billion in revenue. Germany, Japan, and the United States lead the world in market growth.
2008 Solar system cost/performance drops below $5/watt for large scale solar systems. The market for solar systems continues to grow internationally at a rapid pace. The US government extends 30% tax credit for renewable energy systems through December 31, 2016.